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Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy in a horse.

D J McCoy, R Beasley

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |July 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A young horse with unexplained weight loss was diagnosed with hypercalcemia of malignancy. A large abdominal tumor was identified as the likely cause, highlighting a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in equine medicine.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Oncology
    • Equine Internal Medicine
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Hypercalcemia of malignancy is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome.
    • Diagnosis in horses often involves excluding other causes.
    • Equine cases are infrequently reported.

    Observation:

    • A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly presented with chronic weight loss and reduced exercise tolerance.
    • Laboratory results revealed hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, anemia, and normal parathyroid hormone levels.
    • A large abdominal tumor (53.6 kg) was found during necropsy, with no gross renal or bone lesions.

    Findings:

    • The diagnosis of hypercalcemia of malignancy was established through a comprehensive evaluation.
    • An abdominal mesenchymal tumor, possibly ovarian in origin, was identified as the source.

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  • Increased renal phosphate excretion was noted, consistent with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering hypercalcemia of malignancy in horses with unexplained hypercalcemia.
    • Early diagnosis and identification of the underlying tumor are crucial for potential treatment.
    • Further research into paraneoplastic syndromes in equine medicine is warranted.