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Prospective associations between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in

Qiaoye Wang1, Amand Floriaan Schmidt2,3, Lucy T Lennon4

  • 1Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK. qiaoye.wang.21@ucl.ac.uk.

European Journal of Nutrition
|June 19, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Consuming fish weekly may lower the risk of developing multiple cardiometabolic diseases in older men. While overall diet quality didn't show a link, fish intake appears protective against disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Nutrition Science

Background:

  • Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) presents a significant public health challenge, particularly in aging populations.
  • Understanding the role of diet in preventing CMM is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prospective associations between diet quality and dietary components with the risk of developing CMM in older British men.
  • To investigate the impact of the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) and specific food groups on CMM incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2873 older British men (aged 60-79) from the British Regional Heart Study, free of major cardiometabolic diseases at baseline.
  • Assessed diet quality using the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) derived from food frequency questionnaires.
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards regression and multi-state models to analyze the relationship between diet and CMM risk over a median follow-up of 19.3 years.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between the overall Elderly Dietary Index (EDI) score and the risk of developing CMM.
  • Increased fish/seafood consumption (1-2 days/week) was inversely associated with CMM risk (HR 0.44).
  • Fish/seafood consumption demonstrated a protective effect against the transition from first cardiometabolic disease to CMM.

Conclusions:

  • Overall diet quality, as measured by EDI, was not significantly linked to CMM risk in this cohort.
  • Regular consumption of fish/seafood is associated with a reduced risk of developing CMM and progression to multimorbidity in older men.
  • Dietary patterns emphasizing fish intake may be beneficial for preventing cardiometabolic disease progression.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiometabolic multimorbidityDietFish consumptionProspective cohort study

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