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Primary encopresis: evaluation and treatment.

S O'Brien, L V Ross, E R Christophersen

    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study explored cathartic and behavioral treatments for childhood encopresis. Combined approaches effectively resolved soiling accidents and improved toileting in children with encopresis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Gastroenterology
    • Behavioral Therapy
    • Child Psychology

    Background:

    • Encopresis, or soiling accidents, affects children's quality of life.
    • Primary encopresis lacks a clear organic cause and requires effective treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy of cathartic and behavioral interventions for diurnal and nocturnal primary encopresis.
    • To compare treatment outcomes across different intervention phases.

    Main Methods:

    • A multiple-baseline design across four children with primary encopresis.
    • Dependent variables included bowel movements, soiling accidents, and independent toiletings.
    • Interventions involved cathartics, behavioral strategies, and punishment procedures.

    Main Results:

    • Two children achieved success with cathartics and behavioral strategies within 8–11 weeks.
    • The other two children required additional punishment procedures (positive practice, time-out, hourly toilet sits) and suppository fading for success.
    • Treatment duration varied significantly, ranging from 8 to 39 weeks.

    Conclusions:

    • Combined cathartic and behavioral treatments are effective for primary encopresis.
    • More intensive behavioral interventions may be necessary for treatment-resistant cases.
    • Individualized treatment plans are crucial for managing encopresis effectively.

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