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Contingent payment procedures for smoking reduction and cessation.

M L Stitzer, C S Rand, G E Bigelow

    Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A combined approach using financial incentives and close monitoring effectively promoted temporary smoking cessation in research volunteers. Higher earnings during a smoking reduction phase predicted successful abstinence.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Addiction Research
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Smoking cessation remains a significant public health challenge.
    • Effective strategies are needed to promote and sustain abstinence.
    • Contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring are potential behavioral interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate a combined contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedure for promoting temporary smoking cessation.
    • To assess the predictive ability of a smoking reduction test for subsequent abstinence initiation.

    Main Methods:

    • 34 hired research volunteers participated in a 5-day cutdown test with financial incentives for carbon monoxide (CO) level reduction.
    • An abstinence test involved daily breath sample collection with monetary rewards for CO readings ≤ 11 ppm.

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  • Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between earnings in the cutdown test and abstinence success.

    • Main Results:

    • 68% of subjects successfully initiated abstinence.
    • During the abstinence test, 96.5% of breath samples were ≤ 11 ppm CO, and 80.5% were ≤ 8 ppm CO.
    • A significant negative correlation (r = -0.51, p < .001) was found between earnings during the cutdown test and subsequent abstinence.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined contingent reinforcement and intensive monitoring procedure is effective in promoting temporary smoking cessation in an analog setting.
    • The smoking reduction test, particularly earnings during this phase, can predict the likelihood of initiating abstinence.
    • These methods show promise for use in research studies on smoking reduction and cessation.