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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

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Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

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Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL
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Lessons from the deep: mechanisms behind diversification of eukaryotic protein complexes.

Galina Prokopchuk1,2, Anzhelika Butenko1,2,3, Joel B Dacks1,4,5

  • 1Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|June 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Evolutionary adaptation relies on genetic variation. This study combines computational and experimental data to analyze protein complex changes, revealing gene loss drives eukaryotic diversity.

Keywords:
constructive neutral evolutionevolutionary divergenceevolutionary mechanismsgene replacementmolecular evolutionprotein complexes

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Genetic variation drives adaptation and evolution.
  • Protein complexes are central to cellular function and evolution.
  • Comparative genomics reveals gene changes but misses complex subunit replacements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze protein complex compositional changes during evolution.
  • To integrate in silico and experimental data for comprehensive insights.
  • To explore the role of gene loss in eukaryotic diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis across eukaryotes.
  • In silico analysis of protein-coding genes.
  • Integration of experimental evidence on protein complexes.
  • Focus on trypanosome complexes as a case study.

Main Results:

  • Protein complexes undergo complete conservation to total replacement by functional analogues.
  • Gene loss is a significant factor in protein complex diversification.
  • Combined computational and experimental approaches reveal evolutionary dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding protein complex evolution requires diverse analytical methods.
  • Gene loss contributes significantly to the diversity of eukaryotic protein complexes.
  • This study provides a framework for analyzing protein complex evolutionary changes.