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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
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UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
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The largest fullerene.

Michael Gatchell1, Henning Zettergren1, Klavs Hansen2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 20, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The largest stable single-shell fullerene has 10,000 atoms. Above this size, fullerene onions become more stable, approaching graphite

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Fullerenes represent the lowest energy structures for gas-phase carbon nanoparticles.
  • Bulk carbon's lowest energy allotrope is graphite, suggesting a size-dependent structural transition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the maximum stable size for single-shell fullerenes.
  • To investigate the energetic stability of larger carbon structures, including fullerene onions and graphite.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the AIREBO effective potential for computational simulations.
  • Calculated the energy per atom for various carbon allotropes as a function of size.

Main Results:

  • Identified the largest stable single-shell fullerene at approximately N = 1 × 10^4 atoms.
  • Demonstrated that fullerene onions are more stable than single-shell fullerenes above this size.
  • Observed that the energy per atom for fullerene onions approaches that of graphite.

Conclusions:

  • A size limit exists for stable free-standing fullerenes, transitioning to fullerene onions.
  • Fullerene onions exhibit ground state energies comparable to graphite, suggesting their potential as stable large carbon structures within certain temperature ranges.