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Reelin through the years: From brain development to inflammation.

Anna Alexander1, Joachim Herz2, Laurent Calvier1

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Reelin, a protein known for brain functions, also plays key roles in non-neuronal tissues and diseases. Its pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic activities suggest therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Reelin is traditionally known for neuronal migration and synaptic function.
  • Its non-neuronal roles in organ development and physiological functions are less explored.
  • Reelin is implicated in various diseases, including cardiovascular and autoimmune conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the non-neuronal functions of Reelin.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of Reelin.
  • To highlight similarities in Reelin secretion, signaling, and function across different cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Reelin's non-neuronal roles.
  • Analysis of Reelin's involvement in cardiovascular system and inflammatory processes.
  • Examination of Reelin's molecular mechanisms, including receptor binding and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Reelin is abundant in blood, promoting platelet adhesion, coagulation, and leukocyte permeability.
  • It acts as a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic factor, relevant to diseases like atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, and cancer.
  • Reelin signaling involves receptors like ApoER2, VLDLR, integrins, and ephrins, with pathways including NF-κB, PI3K, AKT, and JAK/STAT.

Conclusions:

  • Reelin possesses significant non-neuronal functions with implications for various diseases.
  • Understanding Reelin's diverse roles offers potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Cross-cell-type similarities in Reelin biology warrant further investigation.