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Pituitary Apoplexy in Pregnancy: What do We Know?
Mariana Alves Patrício de Oliveira Gamito1, Njila Yakalage Barreira Amaral1, Carla Francisco Rodrigues1
1Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.
Pituitary apoplexy during pregnancy is rare but serious. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for favorable maternal and fetal outcomes, despite potential complications like preterm birth.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neurology
Background:
- Pituitary apoplexy is a rare syndrome of rapid sella turcica expansion, often presenting with headache, visual impairment, and hypopituitarism.
- It can occur spontaneously or be associated with pituitary tumors, with diagnosis confirmed by imaging.
Approach:
- A case report and literature review were conducted on pituitary apoplexy during pregnancy.
- Data on maternal characteristics, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed from 36 reported cases.
Key Points:
- Most cases occurred in the second trimester, with headache as the most common symptom.
- Surgical intervention was necessary for over half of the patients.
- Complications included preterm delivery (3 cases) and one maternal death.
Conclusions:
- Early diagnosis and prompt management of pituitary apoplexy in pregnancy are vital.
- This approach can mitigate potential adverse maternal and fetal consequences.
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