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Marine Transgression in Modern Times.

Christopher J Hein1, Matthew L Kirwan1

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Environmental Sciences
  • Coastal Geomorphology
  • Climate Change Impacts

Background:

  • Global sea-level rise is accelerating coastal erosion and landscape change.
  • Marine transgression, the landward movement of the sea, significantly impacts coastal zones.
  • These changes necessitate understanding different transgression dynamics for effective coastal management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate and describe the two primary forms of marine transgression: active and passive.
  • To analyze the geomorphological processes and spatial extents of each transgression type.
  • To explore the implications of these processes for coastal ecosystems and human populations under rising sea levels.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of coastal geomorphological responses to sea-level rise.
  • Distinguishing between wave-driven erosion on open coasts and ecosystem translation in low-energy margins.
  • Assessment of sediment-delivery rates versus accommodation creation.

Main Results:

  • Active transgression is rapid, visible, and localized, characterized by wave erosion and landform translation on open coasts.
  • Passive transgression is slow, subtle, and widespread, marked by ecosystem migration along low-energy, inland margins.
  • The interplay between active and passive transgression influences coastal zone dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct mechanisms of active and passive transgression dictate the future of coastal zones.
  • Anthropogenic interventions can exacerbate or mitigate the impacts of sea-level rise on coastal ecosystems.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for addressing the often inequitable displacement of human populations due to coastal changes.