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Hypertensive heart disease: risk factors, complications and mechanisms

Sepiso K Masenga1,2,3, Annet Kirabo3

  • 1HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Cam-Pus, Livingstone, Zambia.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|June 21, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hypertensive heart disease, often underreported, involves heart dysfunction from chronic high blood pressure. This review details its mechanisms, focusing on left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and coronary artery disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) involves functional and structural cardiac dysfunction due to chronic uncontrolled hypertension.
  • HHD primarily affects the left ventricle, left atrium, and coronary arteries.
  • The mechanisms and complications of HHD are not fully understood and it is often underreported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of hypertensive heart disease.
  • To elaborate on the mechanisms underlying HHD development and its complications.
  • To highlight the roles of salt, immunity, and genetics in HHD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on HHD.
  • Detailed discussion of mechanisms related to HHD.
  • Brief overview of contributing factors like diet, immunity, and genetics.

Main Results:

  • Chronic hypertension leads to significant cardiac structural and functional changes.
  • Key complications include left ventricular hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
  • Dietary salt, immune responses, and genetic factors play a role in HHD development.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertensive heart disease is a complex condition with significant cardiovascular impact.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate HHD mechanisms and improve clinical management.
  • Understanding contributing factors may lead to targeted prevention and treatment strategies for HHD.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationcoronary artery diseaseheart failurehypertensionhypertensive heart diseaseimmunitysalt

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