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Archaea, a domain of single-celled microorganisms, are classified into five major phyla based on genetic and biochemical characteristics: Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Korarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota. Among these, the phylum Euryarchaeota is notable for its remarkable diversity in morphology, metabolism, and ecological adaptations.Morphological and Metabolic DiversityMembers of Euryarchaeota exhibit a variety of cellular shapes, including rods and cocci. Their metabolic pathways...
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Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Diversity of Archaea III01:27

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Crenarchaeota, a prominent phylum of Archaea, is remarkable for its ability to thrive in extreme environments characterized by high temperatures and acidity. These microorganisms inhabit sulfuric hot springs, volcanic systems, and submarine hydrothermal vents, where temperatures often exceed 100°C. The unique adaptations of Crenarchaeota not only allow survival under such extreme conditions but also provide insights into the mechanisms of life in primordial Earth-like...
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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
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Arsenate microbial reducing behavior regulated by the temperature fields in landfills.

Lifang Hu1, Na Cheng1, Yuqian Wang1

  • 1College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)
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Temperature significantly impacts arsenic (V) reduction in landfills. Optimal conditions for arsenic reduction and cycling pathways were observed at 50°C, influenced by microbial communities like Pseudomonas.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Geochemistry
  • Bioremediation

Background:

  • Arsenic (V) is a contaminant of concern in landfills.
  • Understanding arsenic reduction pathways is crucial for environmental management.
  • Temperature is a key environmental factor influencing microbial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different temperature fields on As(V) reduction in landfills.
  • To identify arsenic cycling pathways under varying temperatures.
  • To determine the microbial communities responsible for As(V) reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Microcosm tests using landfill enrichment cultures.
  • Analysis of As(V) reduction rates at temperatures of 10°C, 25°C, 35°C, and 50°C.
  • Identification of arsenic species and microbial community composition (including gene analysis).

Main Results:

  • As(V) reduction rates were highest at 50°C, followed by 35°C, 25°C, and 10°C.
  • Different arsenic cycling pathways were observed: biomineralization and methylation at room/medium temperatures, and only biogenic methylation at high/low temperatures.
  • Pseudomonas was the dominant As(V) reducing bacteria, with Bacillus and Clostridium contributing to higher reduction rates at medium/high temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature is a critical factor modulating As(V) reduction and cycling in landfills.
  • Microbial viability and adaptability to temperature and arsenic content vary.
  • Findings have implications for managing arsenic pollution in landfill environments.