Outer membrane protein A of Acinetobacter baumannii regulates pulmonary inflammation through the TLR2-NF-κB pathway

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is characterized by a high prevalence of drug resistance; how to effectively treat it is still a major clinical challenge. Our previous experiments confirmed that ompA, which is one of the most well-characterized virulence factors, may be dependent on the caspase-1 pathway-stimulated expression of NLRP3 inflammasome to enhance inflammation. TLRs (i.e., TLR2, etc.) is the initiating signal for NLRP3 inflammasome activation; how it relates to ompA in its underlying pathogenic mechanism is not clear. In this study, we proofed that ompA promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation while the TLR2-NF-κB pathway was also activated after A. baumannii infection. Additionally, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and genes was inhibited by silencing TLR2 and NLRP3. This indicated that ompA might depend on the TLR2-NF-κB pathway to assemble and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. OmpA promoted the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the TLR2-NF-κB pathway and inhibited the degradation of caspase-1 by the proteasome so that a large number of mature IL-1β/IL-18 and other proinflammatory factors were released extracellularly to enhance the body's inflammatory response. Taken together, the results of the joint pre-study confirmed a novel TLR2-NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1-modulated mechanism underpinning ompA activity, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may be as a potential immunomodulatory target against A. baumannii infections.