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Sustainability, population and reproductive ethics.

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    Achieving sustainability requires addressing population growth and reproductive ethics. Promoting small families, ideally one-child families, is crucial for a sustainable future and global well-being.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Ethics
    • Demography

    Background:

    • Sustainability goals, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals, aim for environmental protection, community strength, and prosperity.
    • Current human population numbers and economic activity are driving unsustainability, moving humanity away from these goals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the ethical dimensions linking sustainability, population dynamics, and reproductive choices.
    • To analyze the scientific and philosophical literature on these interconnected issues.

    Main Methods:

    • Critical analysis of existing scientific and philosophical literature.
    • Examination of factors contributing to population growth and unsustainability.

    Main Results:

    • Excessive human population and associated economic activity are primary causes of unsustainability.
    • Achieving sustainability necessitates a sustainable human population, estimated around three billion.
    • Addressing population growth requires tackling unwanted fertility, coerced fertility, population momentum, and wanted fertility.

    Conclusions:

    • Promoting reproductive ethics, particularly the ideal of small families (one-child families), is essential.
    • Establishing small-family norms as a global ethical standard can contribute to population stabilization and sustainability.