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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

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[Scleritis and episcleritis].

L Perray1, L Ungerer2, T Chazal3

  • 1Service de médecine interne, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|June 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scleritis and episcleritis are rare eye conditions often linked to systemic autoimmune diseases. Differentiating them is crucial as scleritis can threaten vision and requires prompt medical intervention.

Keywords:
EpiscleritisEtiologyMaladie systémiqueScleritisSclériteSystemic diseaseTraitementTreatmentÉpisclériteÉtiologies

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Scleritis and episcleritis are rare ocular inflammatory conditions.
  • They frequently associate with systemic autoimmune diseases, necessitating internist awareness.
  • Distinguishing between them is vital due to differing prognoses and management.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing scleritis and episcleritis in internal medicine.
  • To emphasize the association with systemic autoimmune diseases and infections.
  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

Summary:

  • Episcleritis is superficial with a benign prognosis, rarely linked to systemic disease.
  • Scleritis is a serious condition potentially threatening vision, associated with underlying diseases in 40-50% of cases.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis and ANCA-associated vasculitides are key causes; scleritis may reveal autoimmune disorders.

Impact:

  • Scleritis requires systematic etiological investigation and can reveal underlying autoimmune diseases.
  • Aggressive or systemic cases necessitate systemic treatment, including immunosuppressants and biologics.
  • Close collaboration between ophthalmologists and internists is essential for optimal patient outcomes.