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Soft-core processor integration based on different instruction set architectures and field programmable gate array

Ionel Zagan1,2, Vasile Gheorghiţă Găitan1,2

  • 1Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Stefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania.

Peerj. Computer Science
|June 22, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study integrates Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) soft-core processors to enhance real-time system (RTS) performance. Hardware implementation of operating system functions reduces overhead, improving determinism for critical tasks.

Keywords:
ARMAsynchronous event handlingField-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)MIPS32MicroBlaze

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Engineering
  • Real-Time Systems
  • Embedded Systems

Background:

  • Real-time systems (RTS) require guaranteed real-time determinism for critical tasks.
  • Operating system (OS) overhead, including task execution rates and context switching, can introduce jitter and missed deadlines in soft schedulers.
  • Jitter in control systems can impact the performance of hard real-time applications if not managed within response time constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the integration of Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) soft-core processors for improved RTS performance.
  • To address the negative influence of OS overhead on RTS scheduling and thread context switching.
  • To reduce RTOS-specific overhead by implementing scheduling and thread context switching in hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of FPGA soft-core processors with diverse instruction set architectures (ISA).
  • Development of custom central processing unit (CPU) datapath designs.
  • Implementation of dedicated hardware thread contexts and hardware real-time operating systems (RTOS).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated hardware implementation of scheduling and thread context switching to alleviate processor load.
  • Reduced RTOS-specific overhead through hardware-based solutions.
  • Validated the effectiveness of hardware implementations in mitigating performance degradation caused by software OS overhead.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating FPGA soft-core processors with hardware RTOS functionalities significantly enhances real-time system determinism.
  • Hardware-based scheduling and context switching effectively minimize overhead, crucial for high-frequency task switching RTS.
  • This approach offers a viable solution to overcome limitations imposed by traditional software-based real-time operating systems.