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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

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Zygoma implant under function: biomechanical principles clarified.

Edmond Bedrossian1, John Brunski2, Bilal Al-Nawas3

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of the Pacific, Dugoni School of Dentistry, 450 Sutter Street, Suite 2439, San Francisco, CA, 94108, USA. oms@sfimplants.com.

International Journal of Implant Dentistry
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PubMed
Summary

Zygoma implants experience higher stress without adequate maxillary bone support. Quad-cortical stabilization is recommended to reduce stress on zygoma implants during maxillary reconstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Dental Implantology
  • Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Zygoma implants are utilized for maxillary reconstruction in cases of severe bone atrophy.
  • Understanding the biomechanical principles is crucial for successful zygoma implant placement and long-term stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biomechanical principles governing zygoma implants under functional loading.
  • To analyze stress distribution within the zygoma implant-bone complex during functional use.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted by two independent reviewers.
  • The review encompassed studies from January 2000 to February 2023 focusing on zygoma implant biomechanics.
  • Included articles detailed stress analysis of the zygoma implant, maxillary bone, and zygoma bone under functional loads.

Main Results:

  • Insufficient maxillary bone support at the implant platform significantly increases stress on the zygoma implant.
  • Elevated stress levels were observed in both the zygoma implant and the adjacent zygoma bone due to inadequate maxillary support.

Conclusions:

  • The maxilla serves as the primary structural support for zygoma implants under functional loads.
  • Quad-cortical stabilization of zygoma implants and cross-arch stabilization are advised to mitigate stress and enhance stability.