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Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

A Robotic Device for Measuring Human Ankle Motion Sense.

Qiyin Huang, Bin Zhong, Naveen Elangovan

IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering : a Publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

|June 22, 2023

Summary

This study developed a robotic method to precisely measure ankle motion sense. The findings reveal a consistent bias in how humans perceive ankle movement speed, crucial for balance and gait control.

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Human Motor Control

Background:

Proprioceptive feedback from ankle motion is vital for maintaining balance and executing gait.
Current clinical methods for assessing ankle motion sense are not objective or accurate.
Developing precise tools to evaluate ankle proprioception is essential for clinical diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a fast and accurate robotic method for assessing human ankle motion sense acuity.
To quantify the just-noticeable-difference (JND) threshold and interval of uncertainty (IU) in ankle motion perception.
To establish the reliability and quantitative output of a robot-aided assessment for ankle proprioception.

Main Methods:

Utilized a one degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic device for controlled passive ankle rotations.
Employed a psychophysical forced-choice paradigm with reference and comparison velocities.
Recruited twenty healthy participants to evaluate ankle motion sense acuity.

Main Results:

The mean JND threshold increased linearly from 0.53°/s at 10°/s to 1.6°/s at 20°/s reference velocity.
Perceptual uncertainty, measured by the interval of uncertainty (IU), also increased significantly with velocity.
Both JND and IU demonstrated a strong correlation (r_s = 0.70), indicating a consistent perceptual bias of 5-8% in ankle motion sense.

Conclusions:

The robot-aided testing method provides quantitative data on ankle motion sense acuity.
This technique offers a valuable, objective measure for assessing ankle proprioceptive function.
The findings contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying balance and gait control.