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Increase in Cape Verde hurricanes during Atlantic Niño
Dongmin Kim1,2, Sang-Ki Lee3, Hosmay Lopez3
1Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. dongmin.kim@noaa.gov.
Nature Communications
|June 22, 2023
Summary
Atlantic Niño conditions enhance tropical Atlantic hurricane activity by strengthening the African easterly wave and increasing low-level cyclonic vorticity. This elevates the risk of major hurricanes impacting the Caribbean and U.S.
Area of Science:
- Atmospheric Science
- Oceanography
- Climate Science
Background:
- Atlantic hurricane activity is influenced by climate modes like El Niño-Southern Oscillation, but these are weaker during the hurricane season.
- Atlantic Niño/Niña, characterized by eastern equatorial Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies, is the dominant tropical Atlantic variability mode during the hurricane season.
- The relationship between Atlantic Niño/Niña and hurricane activity remains understudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the linkage between Atlantic Niño and tropical Atlantic hurricane activity.
- To determine if Atlantic Niño influences conditions conducive to hurricane development.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of observational data to assess climate conditions and hurricane activity.
- Examining the impact of Atlantic Niño on the Atlantic inter-tropical convergence zone and African easterly waves.
Main Results:
- Atlantic Niño strengthens the Atlantic inter-tropical convergence zone rainband.
- This strengthening enhances African easterly wave activity and low-level cyclonic vorticity in the deep tropical eastern North Atlantic.
- These conditions increase the likelihood of powerful hurricane development near the Cape Verde islands.
Conclusions:
- Atlantic Niño is a significant modulator of Atlantic hurricane activity during the hurricane season.
- Conditions associated with Atlantic Niño elevate the risk of major hurricanes impacting the Caribbean and the U.S.
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