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Dietary intervention for children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia

Maria Elena Capra1,2,3, Giacomo Biasucci4,5, Elisa Crivellaro6

  • 1Centre for Paediatric DyslipidaemiasPaediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, University of Parma, 29121, Piacenza, Italy.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics
|June 22, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) requires early dietary intervention for children and adolescents. Tailored nutrition is crucial for managing high cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease, considering individual needs and growth.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder causing high LDL-cholesterol and early atherosclerosis.
  • Untreated FH significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk from birth due to prolonged high LDL-cholesterol exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current dietary guidelines for managing FH in children and adolescents.
  • To analyze nutritional strategies, common errors, and risks in pediatric FH dietary treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of major consensus documents on FH management.
  • Analysis of macro- and micronutrients and recommended dietary patterns.
  • Evaluation of practical aspects and potential pitfalls in pediatric nutritional therapy.

Main Results:

  • Dietary habits and lifestyle are primary FH treatment options, especially when initiated in childhood.
  • Nutritional intervention must be individualized, considering growth, development, age, preferences, and socio-economic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary intervention for pediatric FH is complex and requires personalization.
  • Adequate nutrition for growth must be balanced with age-specific, familial, and societal considerations for effective FH management.

Keywords:
ChildrenDietary patternFamilial hypercholesterolaemiaHealthy lifestyleMediterranean Diet

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