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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

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Multiscale Crystal Field Effect for High-Performance Ultrahigh-Ni Layered Cathode.

Lianshan Ni1, Hongyi Chen1, Jinqiang Gao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.

ACS Nano
|June 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Antimony modification enhances ultrahigh-nickel layered cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This strategy improves structural stability and interfacial properties, boosting battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:
Li7SbO6 coatingSb5+ dopingatomic/microstructural reconstructioninterfacial shieldingultrahigh-Ni cathodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Ultrahigh-nickel layered cathodes are crucial for high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
  • Structural and interfacial degradation during cycling limits their practical application.
  • Developing stable cathode materials is essential for next-generation energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the structural and interfacial stability of LiNi0.94Co0.04Al0.02O2 (NCA) cathodes.
  • To leverage antimony's properties for cathode modification.
  • To enhance the performance and cycling life of high-energy LIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Multifunctional modification of NCA cathode using Sb5+ doping and Li7SbO6 coating.
  • Investigating atomic/microstructural reconstruction and interfacial shielding.
  • Utilizing synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • A robust oxygen framework was established, inhibiting lattice oxygen evolution.
  • Radially aligned primary particles with refined sizes and (003) crystallographic texture were achieved.
  • An in situ constructed Li7SbO6 layer boosted interfacial stability and Li+ kinetics.
  • The Sb-modified NCA cathode showed 94.6% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1C and 183.9 mAh g-1 at 10C.

Conclusions:

  • Sb modification effectively enhances the structural integrity and interfacial properties of ultrahigh-Ni NCA cathodes.
  • The combined Sb doping and coating strategy offers a promising approach for next-generation advanced LIBs.
  • Improved electrochemical performance and stability pave the way for practical high-energy LIB applications.