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Related Concept Videos

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
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ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

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In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
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Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

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After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

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G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking
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The Microscopy-Based Assay to Study and Analyze the Recycling Endosomes using SNARE Trafficking

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Receptor Recycling by Retromer.

Julian M Carosi1,2,3, Donna Denton2, Sharad Kumar2,4

  • 1Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Lifelong Health, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|June 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The retromer complex regulates endosomal transport of receptors, crucial for cell metabolism and health. Dysregulation links to diseases, offering therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
VPS35cell traffickingendosomeneurodegenerationretromer

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Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation for Investigating Endocytic Recycling in Mammalian Cells
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Analysis of Endocytic Uptake and Retrograde Transport to the Trans-Golgi Network Using Functionalized Nanobodies in Cultured Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The retromer complex is vital for endosomal transport, influencing receptor fate and cellular metabolism.
  • Discovered over 20 years ago, retromer's role has expanded beyond yeast endosome-to-Golgi transport to metazoan systems.

Conclusions:

  • Retromer is a key regulator of endosomal trafficking, essential for cellular homeostasis.
  • Loss of retromer regulation is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and infections.
  • Targeting retromer presents therapeutic potential but requires careful consideration of regulatory mechanisms.