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A competitive, bead-based assay combined with microfluidics for multiplexed toxin detection.

Hamid Aghamohammadi1, Kathryn E Thomas2, Sanjana Srikant1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. mahla.poudineh@uwaterloo.ca.

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Summary

A new microfluidic device enables rapid, in-field detection of harmful cyanotoxins like microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and okadaic acid (OA) in water. This bead-based assay offers sensitive and specific toxin quantification for environmental monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cyanotoxins pose significant risks to water resources and public health.
  • Existing detection methods often lack the speed, portability, or multiplexing capability required for in-field applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a miniaturized, easy-to-use system for rapid, multiplexed, in-field detection of cyanotoxins.
  • To design and validate a reusable microfluidic device (toxin-chip) for automated toxin analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A novel bead-based, competitive fluorescence assay utilizing quantum dots (QDs) as reporters.
  • Development of a microfluidic device (toxin-chip) with integrated micromixer and magnetic bead retention.
  • Automated detection and analysis using an image analysis program.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous detection of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and okadaic acid (OA) on a single chip.
  • Achieved low detection limits: 10⁻⁴ μg/mL for MC-LR and 4 × 10⁻⁵ μg/mL for OA.
  • Demonstrated high chemical specificity and validated performance with natural lake water samples.

Conclusions:

  • The toxin-chip is a promising, versatile tool for sensitive and specific cyanotoxin quantification in real-world water samples.
  • The developed system facilitates rapid, in-field monitoring, enhancing water resource safety.
  • The platform has potential for adaptation to detect a broader range of toxins.