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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2025

Therapeutic Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Interleukin 10-Deficient Mouse Model
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Fluctuations in Gut Microbiome Composition During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Joy Sarkar1,2, Eduardo Cortes Gomez3,4,2, Takaaki Oba5,6

  • 1Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.

World Journal of Oncology
|June 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Changes in gut microbiome diversity during anti-PD-1 therapy can predict non-small cell lung cancer response. This pilot study suggests gut microbiota dynamics may serve as a noninvasive biomarker for ICI therapy effectiveness.

Keywords:
BiomarkerGut microbiomeImmunotherapyNon-small cell lung cancerPD-1

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Microbiome research

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) outcomes but face resistance and limited predictive biomarkers.
  • Pre-treatment tumor PD-L1 expression has limited predictive value for ICI therapy response.
  • Less invasive biomarkers are needed to identify early responders and non-responders to optimize treatment regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in gut microbiome composition during anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC patients.
  • To determine if gut microbiome dynamics correlate with response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
  • To explore the potential of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker for ICI therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pre- and on-treatment fecal samples from five NSCLC patients undergoing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing to profile gut microbiome composition.
  • Comparison of microbiome diversity and abundance between responders and non-responders.

Main Results:

  • Baseline gut microbiome alpha diversity was similar between responders and non-responders.
  • Responders exhibited significant changes in gut microbiome diversity from pre- to on-treatment, unlike non-responders.
  • Specific bacterial genera showed differential abundance changes in responders versus non-responders during therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiome diversity dynamics between pre- and on-treatment samples differentiate responders from non-responders in NSCLC patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • Gut microbiota dynamics show potential as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.
  • Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings in larger patient cohorts.