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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Epigenetic modification in Parkinson's disease.

Hao Song1,2, Juanli Chen2, Jin Huang3

  • 1The Innovation Institute for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|June 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone changes, are key in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms offers new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PD.

Keywords:
DNA methylationParkinson’s diseaseepigenetic modificaitonhistone acetylaionhistone methylationmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiologies.
  • Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contribute to PD development.
  • Recent advances highlight the significant role of epigenetics in PD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease.
  • To discuss how epigenetic alterations affect gene expression and neurodegeneration in PD.
  • To identify emerging epigenetic targets and biomarkers for PD treatment and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on epigenetics and Parkinson's disease.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and RNA-based mechanisms.
  • Discussion of the role of these mechanisms in neuronal development and neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications are integral to cellular functions and neuronal processes.
  • Alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and RNA function are implicated in PD.
  • These epigenetic changes influence both neuronal development and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  • Emerging epigenetic targets show promise for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers could aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of PD.