Toxicity Management of Systemic Kidney Cancer Therapies

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Systemic treatments for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have evolved significantly.
• Current therapies include antiangiogenic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and their combinations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the adverse events associated with modern systemic therapies for mRCC.
• To provide guidance on the clinical management of these treatment-related toxicities.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of systemic treatments for mRCC.
• Discussion of adverse event profiles for targeted therapies and ICIs.
• Synthesis of management strategies for identified toxicities.

Main Results:

• Antiangiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have specific toxicity profiles.
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathways can cause immune-related adverse events.
• Emerging hypoxia-inducible factor-2 (HIF-2) inhibitors represent a new class of agents.

Conclusions:

• Early identification and proactive management of adverse events are crucial for maintaining treatment efficacy in mRCC.
• Understanding the specific toxicities of different drug classes allows for tailored clinical interventions.
• Ongoing research focuses on novel agents and optimizing treatment strategies for mRCC.