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Resting heart rate and antisocial behaviour: a Mendelian randomisation study.

Lucy Karwatowska1, Leonard Frach2, Tabea Schoeler3

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Low resting heart rate (RHR) is not causally linked to antisocial behaviour (ASB). This study found no genetic evidence supporting a causal relationship, suggesting observed associations may stem from other factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between lower resting heart rate (RHR) and increased antisocial behaviour (ASB).
  • The causal nature of this association remains unclear, with potential confounding or reverse causation.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and antisocial behaviour (ASB) using genetic methods.
  • To differentiate between direct causal effects and potential confounding factors.
  • To provide robust evidence regarding the autonomic nervous system's role in ASB.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR), multivariable MR, and linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC).
  • Employed large genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for RHR, antisocial behaviour (ASB), and heart rate variability (HRV).
  • Selected genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms for RHR as instrumental variables.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant causal association was found between RHR and ASB in univariable or multivariable MR analyses.
  • Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) revealed no significant genetic correlation between heart rate measures and ASB.
  • Sensitivity analyses indicated the findings were robust against heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and reverse causation.

Conclusions:

  • Individual differences in autonomic nervous system function, as indicated by RHR, do not appear to directly cause ASB.
  • Observed associations between RHR and ASB in previous studies may be attributable to confounding factors or reverse causation.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings, and caution is advised when using RHR in ASB interventions.