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Palivizumab Prophylaxis in Infants and Young Children at Increased Risk of Hospitalization for Respiratory Syncytial

Mary T Caserta1, Sean T O'Leary2, Flor M Munoz3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.

Pediatrics
|June 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

The American Academy of Pediatrics reaffirms 2014 guidance on palivizumab prophylaxis for infants and young children at high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. Recent data do not support changes to current recommendations for preventing RSV hospitalizations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) first issued guidance on palivizumab prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 1998.
  • Recommendations have been periodically updated to address children at highest risk for severe RSV disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on RSV seasonality, risk factors for bronchiolitis hospitalizations, and prophylaxis impact.
  • To support the reaffirmation of the 2014 AAP policy statement on palivizumab prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted by the AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases.
  • Publications and data available since the 2014 policy update were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Recent data on RSV circulation, risk factors, and hospitalization rates did not necessitate a change in prophylaxis recommendations.
  • The review supported the continued endorsement of the 2014 AAP guidance.

Conclusions:

  • Current recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis for high-risk infants and young children remain valid.
  • The guidance provided in the 2021 Red Book is reaffirmed based on the latest evidence.

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