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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
Published on: February 8, 2019
Giant cell arteritis and innovative treatments
Giulia Costanzo1, Andrea Giovanni Ledda, Giada Sambugaro
1Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09100, Italy.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) treatment is evolving beyond glucocorticoids. Emerging biologic therapies show promise for safe and effective management, offering new hope for patients.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Giant cell arteritis (GCA) involves granulomatous vasculitis of medium and large vessels.
- Delayed diagnosis and long-term glucocorticoid side effects necessitate improved treatment strategies.
- GCA presents with cranial and large-vessel (extra-cranial) phenotypes.
Conclusions:
- Innovative treatments, particularly biologics, offer new therapeutic avenues for GCA.
- The shift towards steroid-free regimens aims to mitigate long-term glucocorticoid toxicity.
- Further research and clinical trials are crucial for advancing GCA patient care.
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