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Honeybees (Apis mellifera) decrease the fitness of plants they pollinate.

Dillon J Travis1, Joshua R Kohn1

  • 1Department of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|June 26, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-native honeybees reduce the reproductive success of native plants. Pollination by honeybees results in less fit offspring compared to native insect pollination, impacting plant fitness.

Keywords:
Apis melliferageitonogamyhoney beesinbreeding depressionself-fertilizationself-pollination

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Botany

Background:

  • Most flowering plants rely on animal pollinators for reproduction.
  • Assessing pollinator effectiveness traditionally focuses on pollen deposition and seed/fruit set, overlooking pollen quality and resulting offspring fitness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of non-native honeybee pollination on the fitness of native self-compatible plants.
  • To compare offspring fitness resulting from honeybee pollination versus native insect pollination and hand self-pollination.

Main Methods:

  • Studied three common native self-compatible plants in Southern California.
  • Compared the foraging behavior of honeybees (Apis mellifera) and native insect visitors.
  • Assessed the fitness of offspring produced after different pollination treatments (honeybee, native insects, hand self-pollination, cross-pollination).

Main Results:

  • Honeybees visited more flowers per plant than native insects, likely increasing self-pollen transfer.
  • Offspring from honeybee pollination showed similar fitness to hand self-pollination.
  • Offspring fitness was significantly lower after honeybee pollination compared to native insect or cross-pollination.

Conclusions:

  • Super-abundant, non-native honeybees can negatively impact the reproductive success of native self-compatible plants.
  • The methodical foraging behavior of honeybees may lead to reduced offspring fitness due to increased self-pollination.
  • This study highlights the importance of considering pollinator identity and behavior in plant-pollinator interactions and conservation efforts.