Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 25, 2025
07:28
Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System
Published on: April 6, 2017
40.8K
Inhalant misuse reported to America's Poison Centers, 2001-2021
Raymond L Hogge1,2, Henry A Spiller3,4, Sandhya Kistamgari1
1Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute of Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|June 26, 2023
Summary
Inhalant misuse cases reported to US poison centers decreased significantly after 2010, particularly among teenagers, following regulations on Freon. This highlights the impact of regulatory actions on public health trends.
Area of Science:
- Public Health Surveillance
- Toxicology
- Environmental Health Policy
Background:
- Inhalant misuse poses a significant public health challenge.
- Understanding trends and characteristics of inhalant misuse is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the impact of regulatory changes on inhalant misuse patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the characteristics and temporal trends of inhalant misuse reported to United States poison centers between 2001 and 2021.
- To assess the association between regulatory actions and changes in inhalant misuse rates, particularly among adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Poison Data System and the United States Census Bureau for analysis.
- Examined demographic characteristics, inhalant categories, healthcare utilization, and medical outcomes.
- Assessed population-based rate trends of inhalant misuse over the study period.
Main Results:
- A total of 26,446 inhalant misuse cases were reported, with males and single-substance misuse being predominant.
- The overall rate of inhalant misuse increased from 2001 to 2010, then decreased sharply by 2021.
- A notable trend reversal in "Freon and other propellants" misuse was observed in 2010, coinciding with EPA regulations and impacting the 13-19-year-old age group.
Conclusions:
- Despite a post-2010 decrease, inhalant misuse remains a public health concern.
- The 2010 regulation of Freon by the Environmental Protection Agency likely contributed to the observed decline in inhalant misuse rates.
- This study exemplifies the significant impact of regulatory policies on public health outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
357
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
357
01:23Inhaled Medications
321
Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
321
01:36Types of Toxins
1.8K
Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
1.8K
01:16Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview
297
Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
297
01:30Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
2.5K
The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
2.5K
01:17Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview
504
Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
504