[Neonatal lupus erythematosus, a clinical case]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Pediatrics
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a rare autoimmune condition in newborns.
• It is associated with maternal auto-antibodies, primarily anti-Ro and anti-La.
• While often benign, NLE can involve cardiac conduction defects, necessitating early detection.

Observation:

• A 15-day-old neonate presented with characteristic NLE skin plaques.
• The infant had neutropenia and elevated transaminases, with positive anti-Ro/anti-La antibodies.
• The mother exhibited symptoms of connective tissue disease and tested positive for antinuclear, anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, and anti-La antibodies, indicating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Sjögren's Syndrome.

Findings:

• Cardiac conduction was unaffected in this neonate.
• Cutaneous manifestations resolved within 5 months.
• The mother received a diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Sjögren's Syndrome.

Implications:

• Prompt diagnosis of NLE is vital for identifying potentially asymptomatic mothers with autoimmune diseases.
• Early management of NLE can prevent severe complications, including cardiac issues.
• This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing NLE and associated maternal conditions.