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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Differences in fall-related characteristics across cognitive disorders.

Karolina Minta1,2, Giorgio Colombo1, William R Taylor1,3

  • 1Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore, Singapore.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Falls in the elderly often cause injury and loss of independence. Tailoring fall risk assessments and prevention strategies to cognitive status is crucial for effective care in older adults.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentdementiafall prevention strategiesfall riskgaitinjurious falls

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Falls are a major cause of injury, disability, and independence loss in the elderly, affecting 40-60%.
  • Cognitively impaired individuals experience higher fall rates and morbidity, yet standard assessments overlook mental status.
  • Existing fall prevention programs successful in cognitively normal adults often fail in impaired populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fall prevalence, risk factors, assessment accuracy, and prevention efficacy across diverse cognitive profiles.
  • To highlight the impact of pathological aging on fall characteristics.
  • To inform improved fall prevention strategies for the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review investigating fall prevalence and risk factors.
  • Analysis of fall risk assessment accuracy in relation to cognitive status.
  • Evaluation of fall prevention strategy efficacy in cognitively diverse elderly populations.

Main Results:

  • Fall characteristics significantly differ across various cognitive disorders.
  • Current fall risk assessment tools lack adequate consideration of cognitive status.
  • Fall prevention strategies require adaptation for individuals with cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive status is a critical, yet often overlooked, factor in elderly falls.
  • Fall risk assessments and prevention strategies must be individualized based on cognitive profiles.
  • Personalized approaches can improve early identification of fallers and clinical decision-making.