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Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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The degree of unsaturation (U), or index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD), is defined as the difference in the number of pairs of hydrogen atoms between the compound and the acyclic alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. Each double bond or ring costs two hydrogen atoms compared to a saturated analog and results in one degree of unsaturation.
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Enabling higher degree pathways for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students.

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A pre-doctoral program supports Indigenous Australians pursuing PhDs. Tailored, Indigenous-led initiatives and valuing Indigenous knowledge are crucial for increasing higher degree research participation.

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Higher educationIndigenousPathwaysPhDResearch higher degreeSocial capitalStudent support

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Area of Science:

  • Indigenous education
  • Higher education research
  • Academic workforce development

Background:

  • Increasing Indigenous participation in research higher degrees is vital for Australia's academic workforce and knowledge production.
  • Despite growth, Indigenous student numbers in higher degrees have not reached parity, indicating a need for improved support systems.
  • Existing initiatives require enhancement to effectively support Indigenous students in their doctoral journeys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the value of a unique pre-doctoral program designed for Indigenous Australians interested in PhD studies.
  • To identify factors influencing Indigenous individuals' decisions to pursue PhD programs.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives supporting Indigenous pathways to higher degree research.

Main Methods:

  • The study examines a pre-doctoral program, the only one of its kind in Australia, aimed at informing Indigenous individuals about doctoral studies.
  • It contributes to the literature by analyzing factors influencing PhD choices and the success of support programs.
  • The research builds on existing evidence to improve university sector initiatives.

Main Results:

  • Tailored, Indigenous-led pre-doctoral support programs are essential for Indigenous students.
  • Cohort experiences significantly benefit Indigenous higher degree research students.
  • Universities must actively value Indigenous peoples and their knowledge systems to foster success.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-doctoral programs are effective in informing Indigenous students about PhD pathways.
  • Culturally responsive and Indigenous-led support is critical for increasing PhD enrollment and completion rates.
  • Systemic changes within universities are needed to create inclusive environments that value Indigenous knowledge.