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Investigating Subtypes of Motor Skills and Activities of Daily Living among Young Children with Motor Delay

Keisuke Irie1, Kohei Mukaiyama2, Reika Yamashita2

  • 1Department of Occupational Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Occupational Therapy International
|June 26, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Preschool children can be classified into three motor skill subtypes. These subtypes show distinct differences in fine and gross motor skills and daily living activities.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Motor Development
  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Motor skill deficits are common in preschool children.
  • Understanding subtypes of motor skill challenges is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research has identified variations in motor abilities among young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify preschool children into distinct subtypes based on motor skill performance.
  • To characterize the activities of daily living (ADLs) associated with each identified motor subtype.
  • To investigate the relationship between motor skill profiles and functional independence in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) to assess fine and gross motor skills.
  • Employed cluster analysis to classify 45 preschool children into motor skill subtypes.
  • Assessed functional independence using the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) and compared scores across subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct motor skill subtypes were identified.
  • Subtype I exhibited significantly lower fine motor scores compared to gross motor scores (p < 0.001).
  • Subtype III showed significantly lower gross motor scores than fine motor scores (p = 0.018).
  • Subtype II demonstrated significantly lower overall motor scores than subtypes I and III (p < 0.001).
  • Children in Subtype II experienced greater difficulties with dressing movements and had reduced communication skills compared to Subtype III (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Preschool children can be meaningfully classified into motor skill subtypes.
  • These subtypes are associated with specific patterns of fine and gross motor deficits.
  • Motor skill classification provides insights into functional abilities and challenges in activities of daily living.

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