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Migration, Embeddedness, and Vulnerability During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted international migrants more severely, especially recent arrivals, affecting their economic and social capital. Local embeddedness, however, mitigated negative pandemic effects for all residents.

Keywords:
AmsterdamCOVID-19InequalityLocal embeddednessMigrationVulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Urban Studies

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic policies disproportionately affected migrants globally.
  • Existing research often overlooks local embeddedness, focusing instead on social group inequalities.
  • Understanding vulnerabilities requires examining economic, social, and human capital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the vulnerabilities of international migrants, second-generation residents, and non-migrants in an urban setting during the early COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To analyze the differential impact of the pandemic on livelihood assets (economic, social, health) across these groups.
  • To assess the role of local embeddedness in mediating pandemic-related vulnerabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey data collected in July 2020 from 1381 residents in Amsterdam.
  • Comparative analysis of international migrants, second-generation residents, and non-migrants.
  • Examination of impacts on economic, social, and human capital.

Main Results:

  • International migrants, particularly recent arrivals, experienced greater shocks to economic and social capital.
  • Second-generation residents showed health vulnerabilities, influenced by education and neighborhood.
  • Self-employed individuals and those with lower relative wealth were more susceptible to economic shocks across all groups.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing inequalities, increasing vulnerabilities for migrant populations.
  • Local embeddedness served as a protective factor against negative pandemic impacts for both migrant and non-migrant residents.
  • Policy measures and individual circumstances significantly shaped differential pandemic experiences and resilience.