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Related Concept Videos

Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature
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Proliferating active matter.

Oskar Hallatschek1,2, Sujit S Datta3, Knut Drescher4

  • 1Departments of Physics and Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA US.

Nature Reviews. Physics
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active matter physics is expanding to include birth and death processes, revealing unique collective behaviors in proliferating systems. This new direction, proliferating active matter, offers insights into biology and emergent physics.

Keywords:
Biological physicsStatistical physics, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Active matter physics
  • Soft matter physics
  • Quantitative biology

Background:

  • Active matter research has primarily focused on systems with a fixed number of particles.
  • Life's hallmark is breaking local cell number conservation through replication and death.
  • Existing models do not fully capture phenomena like biofilm growth, tumor expansion, or embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose proliferation as a distinct and crucial aspect of active matter physics.
  • To highlight the unique emergent phenomena arising from birth and death processes in active systems.
  • To advocate for a dedicated search for new dynamical universality classes in proliferating active matter.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis and synthesis of existing research in active matter and related fields.
  • Identification of key differences between conventional and proliferating active matter.
  • Framing challenges and opportunities for future research in this emerging area.

Main Results:

  • Proliferation introduces unique activity by consuming energy, dissipating it, and injecting biomass and degrees of freedom.
  • Common collective phenomena are observed across diverse proliferating soft-matter systems.
  • Proliferating active matter presents unique conceptual challenges, including control parameters, fluctuations, feedback, and information flow.

Conclusions:

  • Proliferating active matter represents a significant new direction in physics, distinct from traditional active matter.
  • Studying proliferating active matter is essential for understanding biological processes and emergent physical phenomena.
  • Extending the framework of active matter physics to include proliferation will drive advances in quantitative biology and fundamental physics.