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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Viral Mutations00:36

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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V for vaccines and variants.

Domenico Delli Gatti1,2,3, Severin Reissl4, Enrico Turco1,5

  • 1Department of Economics and Finance, Catholic University, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Evolutionary Economics
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vaccines mitigate Covid-19 waves and boost economies, while variants worsen outcomes. Improved vaccines can counteract variant effects, highlighting the intertwined cycle of public health and economic performance.

Keywords:
Agent-based modelsCovidEpidemicVaccinationVariant

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Macroeconomics
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • The Covid-19 pandemic presented complex challenges to both public health and economic stability.
  • Understanding the interplay between viral dynamics and economic impacts is crucial for effective policy-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of vaccines and virus variants on epidemiological and macroeconomic outcomes.
  • To analyze the cyclical relationship between public health interventions and economic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations of a macroeconomic-epidemiological agent-based model.
  • Calibrated the model using real-world data from the Lombardy region, Italy.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination significantly reduced contagion waves and improved macroeconomic performance.
  • Virus variants acted as accelerating factors, worsening both health and economic outcomes and diminishing vaccine benefits.
  • A new, improved vaccine demonstrated potential to restore positive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccination serves as a critical mitigating factor against pandemic-related disruptions.
  • Virus variants pose a significant threat, necessitating adaptive strategies.
  • Vaccines and variants drive an intertwined cycle influencing both public health and economic trajectories.