A Rare Cleptoparasitic Bee Tetralonioidella himalayana (Bingham, 1897) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from India: Review and...

Tetralonioidella Strand 1914 is a very rare apid genus globally, of which only two species, Tetralonioidella himalayana (Bingham, 1897) and Tetralonioidella tricolor (Lieftinck, 1972), are known from India. They are known to be cleptoparasitic on species of Habropoda Smith, 1854 and Elaphropoda Lieftinck, 1966. During hymenopteran survey in Arunachal Pradesh, we encountered Tetralonioidella himalayana (Bingham, 1897) and observed their behavioral regime, which is very poorly known. The identifying characteristics of both male and female, their foraging behavior, floral preference, distribution pattern, and possible host association have been studied. Exclusive floral association and host specialization are potential contributing factors to the rarity of T. himalayana. Such factors may limit the distribution range of the species. A priori sampling resolution with genetic and demographic exploration is required to evaluate the present status of such bee species.