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Magnitude and associated factors of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates admitted to low resource
Shimalis Tadasa1, Habtamu Tilahun2, Mekonnen Melkie3
1Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan.
Insights
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) affects 27.04% of preterm infants, with higher incidence in those born earlier and with lower birth weight. Increased attention is needed for these vulnerable neonates.
Area of Science:
- Neonatology
- Pediatric Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant concern in preterm infants due to their immature physiological systems.
- The germinal matrix in preterm neonates is highly vascular and prone to rupture, leading to bleeding into the ventricular system.
- Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of IVH is crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the magnitude of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm neonates.
- To identify factors associated with the occurrence of IVH in this vulnerable population.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital.
- Data were collected using neonatal referral forms, maternal medical files, maternal interviews, and bedside cranial sonography.
- Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors.
Main Results:
- The overall incidence of IVH among preterm neonates was 27.04% (95% CI: 20.9-32.2%).
- Neonates with a gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks had a higher likelihood of IVH (OR: 2.14).
- A birth weight between 1500 and 2000 g was associated with a reduced risk of IVH (OR: 0.38).
Conclusions:
- The incidence of IVH in this study population was comparable to global findings.
- Early gestational age and very low birth weight are significant risk factors for IVH in preterm infants.
- Increased vigilance and targeted care are recommended for preterm neonates with these risk factors.
Abstract:
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the medical issues that preterm infants are susceptible to as a result of their difficulty adjusting to life outside the womb. It is bleeding into the ventricular system from the germinal matrix, a highly cellular and vascular tissue that is only seen in preterm newborns and ruptures easily. The study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IVH in preterm neonates.
Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital (TGSH) from 14 March 2022 to 15 August 2022. The neonatal referral form, the mother's medical file, an in-person interview with the mother, and bedside cranial sonography were used to collect clinical data. After data were entered into Epi Info and exported to Scientific Program for Social Science (SPSS), analysis was carried out using binary and multivariable logistic regression.
Results:
The overall magnitude of IVH in preterm newborns among preterm neonates admitted to TGSH was 53 (27.04%) (95% CI: 20.9-32.2%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a birth weight of between 1500 and 2000 g (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18-0.79) were negative, and those neonates with gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04-4.41) were positively associated with the occurrence of IVH.
Conclusion:
The study discovered that the magnitude of IVH is slightly higher than that of prior studies done in different parts of the world, and those neonates delivered at early gestational ages and those with very low birth weight have a higher incidence of IVH. Both guardians and health providers should give more attention to those neonates born at an early gestational age and with small birth weight.
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