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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

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The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
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Chapter 5.1: Physicochemical Interactions between Enamel and Oral Fluids.

Jaime A Cury1, Antônio Pedro Ricomini-Filho1, Cinthia P M Tabchoury1

  • 1Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil.

Monographs in Oral Science
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dental enamel

Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization
  • Dental Caries Research
  • Oral Health Science

Background:

  • Dental caries remains a significant concern despite extensive cariology knowledge.
  • Enamel's mineral composition necessitates strategies for enhanced acid resistance.
  • Understanding enamel's interaction with oral fluids is key to caries prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated, evidence-based understanding of enamel-oral fluid interactions.
  • To elucidate the physicochemical principles governing enamel demineralization and remineralization.
  • To highlight the role of saliva and biofilm fluid in maintaining enamel integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current cariology research and physicochemical principles.
  • Analysis of enamel's behavior in relation to oral fluid composition.

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  • Examination of the impact of pH and fluoride on enamel mineral balance.

    • Main Results:

    • Enamel's mineral balance is governed by oral fluid saturation levels (supersaturation, saturation, undersaturation).
    • Saliva and biofilm fluid are naturally supersaturated with calcium and phosphate, promoting remineralization.
    • Fluoride ions, even at low concentrations, mitigate acid effects and influence mineral exchange.

    Conclusions:

    • Enamel's resistance to caries is dynamically regulated by its environment, particularly saliva and biofilm fluid.
    • Physicochemical principles like Le Chatelier's principle explain enamel's mineral exchange processes.
    • Optimizing oral fluid conditions and fluoride availability is crucial for preventing dental caries.