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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

215
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
215
Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease II: Pathophysiology

564
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by the development of ulcers in the stomach or duodenal mucosa. Its pathophysiology is complex, involving a balance between damaging and protective elements.
Damaging agents such as Helicobacter pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can weaken the mucosal defense, allowing hydrogen ions to infiltrate back and harm epithelial cells.
564
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

159
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
159
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

646
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
646
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

115
Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
115
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

469
Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining.
469

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[Peptic ulcer].

Isabel Laucirica1, Pilar García Iglesias1, Xavier Calvet2

  • 1Servei d'Aparell Digestiu, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, España.

Medicina Clinica
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Peptic ulcer disease, a common condition, is primarily caused by H. pylori infection and NSAID use. Early diagnosis via endoscopy and effective treatment, alongside prevention strategies, are crucial for managing this significant health issue.

Keywords:
Antiinflamatorios no esteroideosCOX-2 selective inhibitorsComplicaciones gastrointestinalesGastroprotecciónGastroprotectionHelicobacter pyloriInhibidores selectivos COX-2Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsPeptic ulcer diseaseUpper gastrointestinal complicationsÚlcera péptica

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite recent incidence declines.
  • High healthcare costs are associated with managing PUD.
  • Key risk factors include Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of peptic ulcer disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of prevention strategies in managing PUD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on peptic ulcer disease.
  • Analysis of diagnostic techniques, focusing on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
  • Evaluation of established and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

  • Dyspepsia is the most common symptom, though many patients are asymptomatic.
  • Complications include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and stenosis.
  • Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment relies on proton pump inhibitors, H. pylori eradication, and NSAID avoidance.
  • Prevention is paramount, involving judicious PPI use, H. pylori management, and cautious NSAID selection.
  • Effective management requires a multi-faceted approach addressing risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.