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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Roles of NRF2 in DNA damage repair

Jiale Li1, Chang Xu2, Qiang Liu3

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China.

Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

The transcription factor NRF2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is crucial for DNA repair and genome stability. Targeting NRF2 presents a promising strategy for developing new cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulator of cellular functions, including DNA repair.
  • Maintaining genome integrity is essential for preventing diseases like cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the upstream and downstream connections between NRF2 and DNA damage repair mechanisms.
  • To highlight the potential of NRF2 as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on NRF2's role in various DNA repair pathways (direct repair, BER, NER, MMR, HR, NHEJ).
  • Analysis of NFE2L2 gene mutation frequencies in different cancers using cBioPortal.
  • Correlation analysis of NFE2L2 mutations with DNA repair systems and tumor progression using TCGA, GTEx, and GO databases.

Main Results:

  • NRF2 contributes to genome integrity through DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and antioxidant functions.
  • NFE2L2 gene mutations are most frequent in esophageal carcinoma, lung cancer, and penile cancer.
  • Genes negatively correlated with clinical staging showed positive correlation with NFE2L2 mutations or expression.

Conclusions:

  • NRF2 is integral to multiple DNA repair pathways, ensuring genome stability.
  • NRF2 represents a viable therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
Keywords:
Base excision repairDNA repairHomologous recombinationNRF2Non-homologous end joiningNucleotide excision repair

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