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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Pediatric Practice.

Kam Lun Hon1, Alexander K C Leung2, James W C H Cheng3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, CUHKMC, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

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|June 27, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) significantly impacts children and young adults, causing quality-of-life issues. Early diagnosis through history, examination, and patch testing, combined with allergen avoidance and appropriate corticosteroid treatment, is key to managing this common condition.

Keywords:
Allergenallergic contact dermatitisburdensome disease.life qualitypatch testtype IV delayed hypersensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a widespread skin condition affecting children, adolescents, and young adults.
  • Patients with ACD experience significant psychosocial and quality-of-life (QoL) challenges, burdening both children and their caregivers.
  • ACD represents a prevalent form of immunotoxicity with considerable public health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
  • To discuss both common and less frequent causes of ACD.
  • To review current diagnostic and management strategies for ACD in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive literature review was conducted using PubMed Clinical Queries.
  • Keywords "allergic contact dermatitis" were used in August 2022, focusing on English literature concerning children.
  • Included study types encompassed meta-analyses, RCTs, clinical trials, observational studies, guidelines, and case reports.

Main Results:

  • ACD affects over 20% of children and adults, leading to significant QoL impairments.
  • Manifestations include edema, vesiculation, and erythema; treatment involves topical or systemic corticosteroids.
  • Patch testing is recommended when initial treatments fail or the diagnosis is uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • ACD is a common, burdensome disease with physical, psychological, and economic impacts.
  • Diagnosis relies on patient history, physical examination, and potentially skin patch testing to identify allergens.
  • Management centers on allergen avoidance and appropriate use of topical or systemic corticosteroids.