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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines01:19

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines

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In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is...
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones

5.8K
Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
466
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2.5K
Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
2.5K
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

1.1K
Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
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Raman Spectroscopy for Urea Breath Test.

Evgeniy Popov1, Anton Polishchuk1, Anton Kovalev1

  • 1Institute of Advanced Data Transfer Systems, ITMO University, Birzhevaya Liniya 14, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Biosensors
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Raman spectroscopy gas analyzer for more accurate urea breath tests to detect Helicobacter pylori infections. The new method achieved a 6% total error, improving upon existing technologies for this non-invasive diagnostic test.

Keywords:
Helicobacter pyloriRaman spectroscopyexhaled breathurea breath testδ13C

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The urea breath test is a key non-invasive method for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infections.
  • Current methods using nondispersive infrared sensors have limitations in accuracy due to measurement errors.
  • Raman spectroscopy offers potential for enhanced precision in detecting 13CO2 isotope ratios in exhaled air.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a Raman scattering-based gas analyzer for precise δ13C measurements in exhaled air.
  • To assess the accuracy of this new system for the urea breath test.
  • To address measurement uncertainties affecting Helicobacter pylori detection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Raman scattering-based gas analyzer.
  • Measurement of standard gas samples for calibration of 12CO2 and 13CO2.
  • Analysis of exhaled air Raman spectra to calculate δ13C changes during the urea breath test.

Main Results:

  • The Raman scattering-based gas analyzer demonstrated capability for δ13C measurements.
  • Calibration coefficients for 12CO2 and 13CO2 were determined.
  • The system achieved a total measured error of 6%, which is within the analytically calculated limit of 10%.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy provides a viable and accurate alternative for urea breath tests.
  • The developed gas analyzer enhances the precision of 13CO2 measurements for Helicobacter pylori diagnostics.
  • This advancement can lead to more reliable non-invasive detection of H. pylori infections.