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Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...
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Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...

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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Extraction of Plant-based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications
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Drying Process of HPMC-Based Hard Capsules: Visual Experiment and Mathematical Modeling.

Chuqi He1,2, Yucheng Yang1,2,3, Mi Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study uses low field magnetic resonance imaging (LF-MRI) and a modified model to understand plant-based gel capsule drying. Findings reveal moisture diffusion dynamics crucial for industrial capsule production.

Keywords:
LF-MRIdryingfilmmathematical modelingplant-based polysaccharide gels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Technology

Background:

  • Plant-based polysaccharide gels are a novel material for hard capsules in medicine.
  • Current manufacturing, especially drying, hinders industrial-scale production of these capsules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drying process of plant-based polysaccharide gel hard capsules.
  • To develop a predictive model for moisture content during drying.
  • To understand the factors influencing moisture diffusion in these capsules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized low field magnetic resonance imaging (LF-MRI) to visualize moisture distribution during drying.
  • Developed a modified mathematical model based on Fick's second law, incorporating dynamic effective moisture diffusivity (D_eff).

Main Results:

  • The modified model accurately predicts capsule moisture content within ±15%.
  • Effective moisture diffusivity (D_eff) ranges from 3 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 7 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²·s⁻¹, varying irregularly over time.
  • Increased temperature and decreased relative humidity accelerate moisture diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides fundamental insights into the drying behavior of plant-based polysaccharide gels.
  • Understanding these drying dynamics is essential for optimizing the industrial manufacturing of HPMC-based hard capsules.