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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Rheological Considerations of Pharmaceutical Formulations: Focus on Viscoelasticity.

Lívia Budai1, Marianna Budai1, Zsófia Edit Fülöpné Pápay1

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Understanding hydrogel viscoelasticity through rheological testing is crucial for pharmaceutical applications. Oscillatory rheology reveals gel strength and elasticity, vital for drug delivery and tissue engineering innovations.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Rheological properties control formulation characteristics like stability and drug release.
  • Hydrogel physical properties are best understood through both rotational and oscillatory rheology.
  • Viscoelastic properties, measured by oscillatory rheology, are key to hydrogel performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize rheological properties of hydrogels.
  • To highlight the importance of hydrogel viscoelasticity in biomedical applications.
  • To review gelling agents used in advanced pharmaceutical development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on hydrogel rheology.
  • Focus on oscillatory rheology techniques.
  • Analysis of viscoelastic properties (elastic and viscous).

Main Results:

  • Rheological control provides insight into hydrogel physical characteristics.
  • Oscillatory rheology is essential for comprehensive hydrogel characterization.
  • Viscoelasticity is critical for pharmaceutical applications like viscosupplementation and tissue engineering.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogel viscoelasticity is a critical parameter for pharmaceutical development.
  • Advanced applications in biomedicine leverage the properties of viscoelastic hydrogels.
  • Gelling agents like hyaluronic acid and alginate are vital for these applications.