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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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The Development of Flexible Problem Solving: An Integrative Approach.

Katarzyna Bobrowicz1, Jean-Pierre Thibaut2

  • 1Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, 4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.

Journal of Intelligence
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Flexible problem solving, crucial for cognitive development, emerges with enhanced executive functions like inhibition and working memory. This review integrates research to clarify its developmental timeline.

Keywords:
analogical transfercognitive developmentexecutive functionsmemory generalizationrepresentational flexibility

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Flexible problem solving is key to cognitive development, involving managing goal-irrelevant information from past experiences.
  • Existing research lacks a unified framework, hindering understanding of its developmental trajectory.
  • This review addresses the need for integration across studies from infancy to school age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate existing findings on flexible problem solving under a common framework.
  • To elucidate the developmental timing and mechanisms of flexible problem solving.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of previous findings on flexible problem solving.
  • Analysis of developmental research spanning infancy to school years.
  • Integration of findings with research on executive functions, planning, and theory of mind.

Main Results:

  • Flexible problem solving development correlates with improvements in executive functions (inhibition, working memory, task switching).
  • Research has focused more on non-salient irrelevant information than salient irrelevant information.
  • The development of handling salient irrelevant information is inferred from limited transfer studies.

Conclusions:

  • Flexible problem solving development is closely linked to executive function maturation.
  • Further research is needed on generalizing with salient irrelevant information.
  • Understanding this ability has implications for education and societal participation.