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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

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Published on: March 10, 2023

PEM Electrochemical Hydrogen Compression with Sputtered Pt Catalysts.

Galin Borisov¹, Nevelin Borisov¹, Jochen Heiss²

¹"Acad. Evgeni Budevski" Institute of Electrochemistry and Energy Systems-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street 10, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

|June 27, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed thin platinum films for electrochemical hydrogen pumps, achieving high efficiency in hydrogen conversion and pressurization. This cost-effective method shows superior performance compared to commercial electrodes.

Keywords:

electrocatalysts electrochemical hydrogen pump hydrogen membrane electrode assemblies sputtered Pt

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Electrochemical hydrogen pumps are crucial for hydrogen conversion and pressurization.
Developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts is essential for advancing this technology.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the performance of thin magnetron-sputtered platinum (Pt) films as electrocatalysts in an electrochemical hydrogen pump.
To evaluate the efficiency of Pt films in hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions.
To compare the performance of sputtered Pt films with commercial electrodes.

Main Methods:

Deposition of thin magnetron-sputtered Pt films onto commercial gas diffusion electrodes.
Integration of electrodes into a membrane electrode assembly with a proton conductive membrane.
Electrocatalytic efficiency testing using steady-state polarization curves and cell voltage measurements in a laboratory test cell.

Main Results:

Achieved a current density exceeding 1.3 A cm⁻² at 0.5 V cell voltage, atmospheric input hydrogen pressure, and 60 °C.
Observed a minimal cell voltage increase of only 0.05 mV bar⁻¹ with increasing pressure.
Demonstrated superior catalyst performance and significant cost reduction compared to commercial E-TEK electrodes.

Conclusions:

Thin magnetron-sputtered Pt films offer a highly efficient and cost-effective alternative for electrocatalysts in electrochemical hydrogen pumps.
The developed Pt films exhibit excellent performance in hydrogen conversion and pressurization applications.
This research paves the way for more economical and efficient hydrogen energy systems.