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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Relative and Transport Efficiency-Independent Approach for the Determination of Nanoparticle Size Using

Borja Moreira-Álvarez1, Laura Cid-Barrio1, Francisco Calderón-Celis1

  • 1Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julian Claveria 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.

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A new relative single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) method simplifies nanoparticle sizing. This approach calibrates using the nanoparticle itself, reducing errors and eliminating the need for complex calibrations for different nanoparticle types.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Conventional single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) relies on complex calibrations for accurate nanoparticle sizing.
  • Transport efficiency and mass flux calibrations are prone to errors and can significantly impact results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel relative spICP-MS approach for nanoparticle size determination.
  • To eliminate the need for external calibration standards and complex error-prone procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a relative spICP-MS method calibrating size using the target nanoparticle under varying instrumental conditions.
  • Validated the method for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and demonstrated its applicability to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
  • Assessed the impact of biomolecular functionalization and protein corona formation on size determination.

Main Results:

  • Achieved accurate AuNP size determination with low errors (0.3–3.1%), corroborated by HR-TEM.
  • Demonstrated that sensitivity changes exclusively relate to nanoparticle mass (size).
  • Showed that a single calibration with a generic nanoparticle standard is stable for at least 8 months for various unimetallic nanoparticles (AuNP, AgNP; 16–73 nm).
  • Observed minimal impact of surface functionalization and protein corona on size determination (relative errors increased 1.3- to 1.5-fold), unlike conventional spICP-MS.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed relative spICP-MS method offers a simplified, accurate, and robust approach to nanoparticle sizing.
  • This method is valuable for analyzing nanoparticles in complex real samples without matrix-matched calibration.
  • The technique minimizes errors associated with surface modifications and biomolecular interactions.