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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

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In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
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Angiotensin II and dengue.

Jesus A Mosquera-Sulbaran1, Adriana Pedreañez2, Juan Pablo Hernandez-Fonseca3,4

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, 4001-A, Venezuela. mosquera99ve@yahoo.com.

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Summary

This review explores the potential role of the hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) in dengue pathogenesis. Evidence suggests Ang II may contribute to severe dengue by influencing inflammation and coagulation.

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases and Virology
  • * Cardiovascular Physiology
  • * Immunology and Inflammation

Background:

  • * Dengue virus infection, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is a significant global health concern.
  • * Severe dengue is associated with cytokine storm, oxidative stress, and coagulation abnormalities.
  • * Angiotensin II (Ang II), a key component of the renin-angiotensin system, is known to modulate inflammatory and vascular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the pathophysiology of dengue infection.
  • * To examine the established roles of Angiotensin II in various disease states.
  • * To synthesize evidence suggesting a potential involvement of Ang II in dengue pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of studies on dengue pathophysiology.
  • * Analysis of research on Angiotensin II's effects in cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
  • * Evaluation of indirect evidence linking Ang II to dengue-associated mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • * Angiotensin II can stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • * Ang II influences pathways involved in coagulation and vascular permeability.
  • * Existing data indirectly supports Ang II's potential contribution to dengue's severe manifestations.

Conclusions:

  • * While not directly proven, Angiotensin II's known functions suggest it may play a role in severe dengue.
  • * Further research is warranted to elucidate the direct impact of Ang II on dengue pathogenesis.
  • * Targeting Ang II pathways could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for severe dengue.